What Animals Burrow Under Houses: A Comprehensive Guide

Many homeowners are surprised to discover that their houses have become the unwanted residences of various burrowing animals. These creatures can cause significant structural damage, create annoying noises, and even pose health risks to the inhabitants. Identifying the specific animals that burrow under houses is crucial to implementing appropriate prevention and control measures.

Numerous animals are known for their potential to tunnel beneath homes. Common culprits include rodents, such as rats and mice; larger mammals, like skunks and groundhogs; and even some insects, such as termites and carpenter ants. Each of these species has its own set of reasons for burrowing, which may include seeking shelter, safety, or easy access to food sources.

Understanding the signs and evidence of burrowing animals under a house is the first step to dealing with the issue and preventing further damage. Homeowners must stay vigilant, regularly inspect the area beneath their homes, and take appropriate action based on the species of animal they encounter. This article will delve into the various types of animals that burrow under houses and provide information on the most effective ways to manage and prevent such infestations.

Fundamentals of Animal Burrowing

Origins of Burrowing Behavior

Burrowing behavior in animals can be traced back to various evolutionary adaptations for survival. Burrowing provides animals with shelter, protection from predators, and a place to store food. It also helps them regulate their body temperature, as the underground environment offers insulation from extreme weather conditions.

Animals primarily burrow for three main reasons:

• Habitat needs: Many species rely on burrows to raise their young, store food reserves, or serve as a base for hunting and foraging.
• Protection: A burrow can offer a safe haven from predators, allowing the animal to hide and protect its young.
• Thermoregulation: The stable underground environment can help regulate body temperature and provide a consistent living space.

Common Burrowing Mechanisms

Animals have developed various mechanisms and techniques to create and maintain their burrows. Some of the common burrowing mechanisms include:

• Digging with forelimbs: Animals like moles, voles, and prairie dogs have strong forelimbs with sharp claws, designed to dig through soil and create tunnels.
• Using their snout: Some animals, such as the aardvark, use their snouts to push away dirt and create burrows. They often have elongated, tubular snouts adapted for this purpose.
• Excavating with the body: Animals like the tunnel rat snake push through soil with their body, using their specialized body shape and muscles to create tunnels.

Additionally, some animals practice cooperative burrowing, where multiple individuals work together to create a shared burrow system. This behavior can be seen in species like the naked mole-rat, which lives in large colonies with a complex tunnel network.

Animals That Burrow Under Houses

Rats and Mice

Rats and mice are common pests that can burrow under houses, causing structural damage and health hazards. They are known for their ability to chew through materials like wood, insulation, and electrical wiring. Homeowners should regularly inspect for any signs of rodent activity and take necessary precautions to exclude them from the property.

Skunks

Skunks are another animal that burrows under houses in search of shelter and food. They can cause damage to the foundation and insulation, as well as create unpleasant odors. When dealing with skunks, it’s important not to approach them directly, as they can spray a foul-smelling liquid when threatened. Instead, consult with a professional to address the issue safely.

Groundhogs

Groundhogs, also known as woodchucks, are burrowing rodents that can cause significant damage to your property’s foundation and landscaping. Their extensive burrows can lead to soil erosion and structural issues. To prevent groundhogs from taking up residence, homeowners can install fencing or barriers around their property and eliminate potential food sources.

Raccoons

While not typically thought of as burrowers, raccoons can create dens under houses when seeking shelter. They can damage foundations and insulation, as well as carry diseases, such as rabies. To deter raccoons, secure garbage cans and remove any outdoor food sources. In cases of infestation, contact a wildlife removal expert to handle the situation.

Badgers

Badgers are powerful diggers, known to create extensive burrows under houses that can lead to structural damage. Their burrows can be multiple feet deep and span several yards, potentially causing problems with drainage and the integrity of the structure. Homeowners can use fencing and other exclusion methods to keep badgers at bay and protect their property.

Snakes

Many snake species can also take up residence under houses, using the space for shelter and hunting small prey. While most snakes found under houses are harmless, there is still a risk of encountering venomous species. Homeowners should regularly inspect their property for signs of snake activity and use snake-proof fencing where necessary. If a snake is spotted, it’s best to call a professional for assistance in removing it.

Impact on Houses

Structural Damage

Animals that burrow under houses can cause significant structural damage to the foundation, walls, and crawl spaces. Common burrowers include groundhogs, moles, rats, and mice, among others.

Over time, their tunneling activities can weaken the foundation, causing cracks, sagging floors, and even complete collapse in extreme cases. Damaged walls may be more susceptible to water intrusion and mold growth, further compromising the structure.

A few signs of structural damage from burrowing animals include:

• Cracks in walls: Visible cracks in the foundation or walls of the house.
• Sagging floors: Sloping or unlevel floors caused by weakened support beams.
• Doors and windows not closing properly: A shifting foundation can cause doors and windows to become misaligned.

Health Risks

In addition to the physical damage caused by burrowing animals, there are also potential health risks associated with their presence under houses. Animals like rats, mice, and raccoons can carry diseases, spread bacteria, and leave allergenic waste materials behind.

Some possible health risks include:

• Airborne allergens: Animal waste and other materials can create allergens in the air, potentially causing respiratory issues or allergic reactions.
• Insect infestations: Insects like fleas, ticks, and mites may be attracted to the animals and their waste, and could subsequently make their way into a home.
• Disease transmission: Rodents may carry diseases that can be transmitted to humans, such as Hantavirus and leptospirosis.

Taking measures to protect a home from burrowing animals and address any existing damage not only helps to maintain the structure itself but also reduces the potential health risks associated with having these unwanted guests nearby.

Prevention Strategies

House Maintenance

To prevent animals from burrowing under houses, homeowners should maintain the structural integrity of their homes. This may include:

• Sealing gaps and cracks: Inspect foundations for cracks and gaps, and seal with caulk or other suitable materials. This helps keep not only burrowing animals but also insects and rodents from entering.
• Removing debris: Regularly clear away woodpiles, leaves, and other debris from the perimeter of the house. This reduces hiding spots and potential food sources for burrowing animals.
• Landscaping: Keep vegetation near the house well-trimmed and avoid overgrown plants. This helps deter animals from seeking shelter close to the home.
• Fencing: Installing underground fencing can help prevent burrowing animals from digging under the house. The fence should extend at least two feet below ground level.

Professional Animal Removal

If burrowing animals have already taken up residence under a house, it is highly recommended to enlist the help of a professional animal removal service. The reasons for this are:

1. Safety: Professionals are trained and equipped to handle wild animals, reducing the risk of injuries or potential infections.
2. Humane removal: Professionals are knowledgeable about state and federal regulations related to wildlife removal and will ensure the process is humane.
3. Effective solutions: Professional animal removal services can suggest and implement appropriate prevention measures to avoid future burrowing.

By following these house maintenance tips and considering professional animal removal if necessary, homeowners can effectively prevent animals from burrowing under their houses.

Legal Considerations

When discussing animals that burrow under houses, it is important to consider the legal implications and responsibilities of homeowners. In many jurisdictions, local and national laws protect certain species of animals, making it illegal to harm or remove them without proper permits or the assistance of a certified professional.

The responsibility of homeowners to ensure the humane and legal treatment of burrowing animals varies depending on the location and the specific animal in question. In some areas, property owners are expected to take preventive measures to discourage burrowing, such as installing barriers or deterrents. In other cases, homeowners might be required to consult with appropriate authorities or wildlife rehabilitation centers before taking action.

It is essential for homeowners to research and understand the relevant laws governing wildlife protection in their region. Failing to abide by these regulations can result in fines, legal liability, and damage to one’s reputation. To navigate these legal considerations, it is advisable to reach out to local wildlife organizations, government agencies, or legal experts for guidance.

When contemplating the removal of a burrowing animal, property owners should consider the potential legal implications and explore alternative methods if necessary. This can include non-lethal deterrents, exclusion practices, or consultation with a licensed wildlife control operator. By adhering to legal requirements and making an effort to protect wildlife, homeowners can maintain a harmonious coexistence with these animals while safeguarding their own interests.

Animals that burrow under houses can cause significant structural damage and create potential health hazards. Some common animals that engage in this behavior include rodents, such as rats and mice, as well as larger animals like raccoons, skunks, and groundhogs.

It is important for homeowners to regularly inspect their property for signs of animal burrowing. Indications that an animal has taken up residence beneath a home include visible holes or tunnel entrances, noises coming from beneath the home, and damage to insulation or wiring. If evidence of burrowing is found, homeowners should take immediate action to address the issue.

There are various methods homeowners can use to discourage animals from burrowing under their home. They can install barriers, such as mesh screens or wire fences, to block entrance points. Another effective tactic is to remove any sources of food and shelter near the home that may attract these animals. This may include securing garbage cans, keeping pet food indoors, and maintaining a tidy yard.

In cases where animals have already established a burrow beneath a home, it may be necessary to resort to more drastic measures. This could involve utilizing live traps to capture and relocate the animal, employing predator scent deterrents, or seeking the assistance of a professional pest control service.

By proactively addressing burrowing animal issues, homeowners can prevent costly damages to their properties, maintain a safe environment, and coexist with the wildlife in their surrounding ecosystem.

Frequently Asked Questions

Which creatures commonly tunnel beneath homes?

There are several animals that can tunnel beneath homes, such as groundhogs, moles, voles, and chipmunks. These burrowers create complex networks of tunnels below the ground, which can sometimes lead to issues with home foundations or other structural elements.

What pests dig holes around house foundations?

Animals like rats, mice, and even some insects (like termites) can also dig holes around house foundations. These smaller pests are often attracted to dark, hidden spaces and can cause extensive property damage if not dealt with promptly.

How can I identify the animal burrowing under my home?

To identify the animal burrowing under your home, closely examine the size and shape of the burrow entrance, and look for tracks, droppings, or signs of feeding nearby. Consult a wildlife guide to match these characteristics with the most likely culprit. If you’re still uncertain, contacting a professional pest control or wildlife removal service can offer expert advice and appropriate solutions.

What are effective methods for removing burrowers from under a house?

Several methods can be effective in removing burrowers from under a house. Firstly, determine the species responsible for the issue, as different animals require different approaches. In general, options may include live trapping, repellents, or even fencing. However, hiring a professional pest control or wildlife removal service ensures the safest, most effective method tailored to your specific problem.

Do raccoons tend to burrow under homes?

Raccoons do not typically burrow under homes. They prefer to create dens in natural habitats like hollow trees, or to inhabit existing structures such as attics, chimneys, or sheds. While they may occasionally dig in search of food, raccoons are unlikely to create extensive tunnels beneath a house.

How can I prevent animals from digging under my house?

To prevent animals from digging under your house, fence your property tightly, burying a portion of the fencing material underground to deter burrowers. Use repellents to deter animals from entering designated areas. Seal any cracks or gaps in your home’s foundation. Regularly monitor your property for signs of burrowing activity and take action quickly when issues arise.

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